Docker的常用命令
( 官方地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/)
启动Docker
systemctl start docker
# 或者
service docker start
帮助命令
docker version # 查看版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker [command] --help # 万能命令/帮助命令
镜像命令
docker images 查询镜像
# 查询所有本地主机上的镜像
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 10 days ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a, --all # 列出所有的镜像
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--no-trunc "Don't truncate output"
-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的id
docker search 搜索镜像
# 搜索镜像 docker search 镜像名
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker search 镜像名
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10620 [OK]
...
# 可选项
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc "Don't truncate output"
# 过滤收藏=9000的镜像
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker search mysql --filter=stars=9000
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
88a9455a9165: Pull complete
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
43a5816f1617: Pull complete
1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete
9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete
80539cea118d: Pull complete
201b3cad54ce: Pull complete
944ba37e1c06: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 这两条命令是等价的
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists # 联合文件系统，已经存在了就不用下载
f6c208f3f991: Already exists
88a9455a9165: Already exists
406c9b8427c6: Already exists
7c88599c0b25: Already exists
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists
43a5816f1617: Already exists
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete
7227baa8c445: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
# 根据镜像id删除镜像
# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker rmi -f a70d36bc331a
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Deleted: sha256:a70d36bc331a13d297f882d3d63137d24b804f29fa67158c40ad91d5050c39c5
Deleted: sha256:50c77bf7bcddd1f1d97789d80ac2404eec22c860c104e858620d2a2e321f0ef7
Deleted: sha256:14244329b83dfc8982398ee4104a548385652d2bffb957798ff86a419013efd6
Deleted: sha256:6d990477f90af28473eb601a9bca22253f6381e053c5a8edda0a4f027e124a3c
Deleted: sha256:ee0449796df204071589162fc16f8d65586312a40c68d1ba156c93c56f5e5ce8
# 利用linux命令，将docker images -aq 的查询结果作为参数，删除全部镜像
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker rmi -f $(sudo docker images -aq)
容器命令
说明：有了镜像后才可以创建容器
docker pull centos # 下载centos镜像
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] 镜像名
# 参数说明
--name="Name" # 容器名字 centos01 用来区分容器
-d # 后台方式运行
-it # 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p # 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p 主机端口：容器端口
-p 容器端口
-p ip：主机端口：容器端口
-P # 随机指定端口
# 测试 启动并进入容器
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@3fc7ba7638e1 /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
# 测试 从容器中退回到主机 退出即停止
[root@3fc7ba7638e1 /]# exit
exit
# 测试 从容器中退回到主机 退出不停止
Ctrl + P + Q # 三个键一起按
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2b2a66d2e32e centos "/bin/bash" 27 seconds ago Up 26 seconds tender_snyder
列出所有运行的容器
# 列出所有当前运行的容器
docker ps
# 常用参数说明
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器（控制显示个数）（貌似把等号换成空格也可以）
-q # 只显示容器的ID
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3fc7ba7638e1 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago affectionate_joliot
863687b9b781 d1165f221234 "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago practical_jepsen
ea36f0ccbcdf d1165f221234 "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago silly_merkle
删除容器
# 删除指定的容器 不能删除正在运行的容器 如果想要删除 docker rm -f
docker rm 容器id
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker rm 3fc7ba7638e1
3fc7ba7638e1
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2b2a66d2e32e centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Up 2 minutes tender_snyder
# 删除所有的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 第一种方式
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker rm -f $(sudo docker ps -aq)
2b2a66d2e32e
1f7310fd0c88
docker ps -aq | xargs docker rm # 第二种方式（利用管道）
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker ps -aq | xargs sudo docker rm
0d4e60aef21e
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# docker run -d 镜像名
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker run -d centos
d772260b350be5d9a7d89db3a99a3504234938acd900991180b3672ff7c6f240
# 问题 docker ps 发现 centos 容器 停止了
# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程
# docker 发现没有应用，就会自动停止容器
查看日志
# docker logs 容器id
# 一般这样用
docker logs -tf --tail 日志条数 容器id
# 没有日志 后台启动centos 并执行shell脚本
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo smile;sleep 1;done"
70bbe88d06cb3a6eea773fbe8f72340f5fad895b716b5980522e57102459a0a5
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
70bbe88d06cb centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds cranky_ride
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker logs -tf --tail 10 70bbe88d06cb
2021-03-16T06:05:10.210921938Z smile
2021-03-16T06:05:11.214341678Z smile
2021-03-16T06:05:12.216893547Z smile
···
查看容器进程信息
# docker top 容器id
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker top 70bbe88d06cb
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 5657 5638 0 02:02 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo smile;sleep 1;done
root 6234 5657 0 02:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看容器内部信息
# docker inspect 容器id
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker inspect 70bbe88d06cb
内容过长，点击展开
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker inspect 70bbe88d06cb
[
{
"Id": "70bbe88d06cb3a6eea773fbe8f72340f5fad895b716b5980522e57102459a0a5",
"Created": "2021-03-16T06:02:50.44703729Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo smile;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 5657,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-03-16T06:02:50.765767367Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/70bbe88d06cb3a6eea773fbe8f72340f5fad895b716b5980522e57102459a0a5/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/70bbe88d06cb3a6eea773fbe8f72340f5fad895b716b5980522e57102459a0a5/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/70bbe88d06cb3a6eea773fbe8f72340f5fad895b716b5980522e57102459a0a5/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/70bbe88d06cb3a6eea773fbe8f72340f5fad895b716b5980522e57102459a0a5/70bbe88d06cb3a6eea773fbe8f72340f5fad895b716b5980522e57102459a0a5-json.log",
"Name": "/cranky_ride",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09d88e3641569cd0a6f5a8015d6cc8fd358b3a0504aa4f2222e5c1e222e3614b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/eca92fb8aa4261099a3ec21316a06e06d3d1465d952445ebdcb9d244bc6f57d8/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09d88e3641569cd0a6f5a8015d6cc8fd358b3a0504aa4f2222e5c1e222e3614b/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09d88e3641569cd0a6f5a8015d6cc8fd358b3a0504aa4f2222e5c1e222e3614b/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09d88e3641569cd0a6f5a8015d6cc8fd358b3a0504aa4f2222e5c1e222e3614b/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "70bbe88d06cb",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo smile;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "c886330fceb8da4c72ca60e3a13a90c3a34e2f27f5fbbb8eada9230b67063b75",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c886330fceb8",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "ae1574f634c5313931f8f782e7bfc731a5ae2b005dc3f1c0c437b1136d6f8d95",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "0ae0959da06c60be2ecfd4afdce949ddb648cf123b2641ecec913e80eaa9321f",
"EndpointID": "ae1574f634c5313931f8f782e7bfc731a5ae2b005dc3f1c0c437b1136d6f8d95",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 方式一 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker exec -it 70bbe88d06cb /bin/bash
[root@70bbe88d06cb /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
# 方式二 docker attach -it 容器id bashShell
# 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会打开新的终端
[smile@hadoop101 docker]$ sudo docker attach 70bbe88d06cb
smile
smile
smile
# 上面写的死循环输出，可以再打开一个终端，用 docker stop 容器id 结束容器进程
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
# 命令 docker cp 容器id:被拷贝文件路径 文件保存路径
# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们额使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现自动同步
# 在容器内新建文件
[root@33d875098e49 home]# echo "Hello, I am Smile" > smile.txt
# exit 退出容器后 拷贝测试
[smile@hadoop101 ~]$ sudo docker cp 33d875098e49:/home/smile.txt /home/smile
[smile@hadoop101 ~]$ ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 Mar 16 02:32 smile.txt
小结
attach # 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像
build # 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像
commit # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp # 从容器中拷贝指定文件或目录到宿主机中
create # 创建一个新的容器，同 run ，但不启动容器
diff # 查看 docker 容器变化
events # 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件
exec # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export # 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import]
history # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images # 列出系统当前镜像
import # 从 tar 包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统镜像[对应 export]
info # 显示系统相关信息
inspect # 查看容器详细信息
kill # kill 指定 docker 容器
load # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
login # 注册或者登录一个 docker 源服务器
logout # 从当前 Docker registry 退出
logs # 输出当前容器的日志信息
port # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause # 暂停容器
ps # 列出容器列表
pull # 从 docker 镜像服务器中拉取指定镜像
push # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像到 docker 源服务器
restart # 重启运行的容器
rm # 移除一个容器或者多个容器
rmi # 移除一个或多个镜像（无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续，或 -f 强制删除）
run # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load]
search # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
start # 启动容器
stop # 停止容器
tag # 给源中镜像打标签
top # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause # 取消暂停容器
version # 查看 docker 版本号
wait # 截取容器停止时的退出状态
